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00021_Text_afghgeo.txt
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1997-03-02
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Geography
Location: Southern Asia, north of Pakistan
Map references: Asia
Area:
total area: 647,500 sq km
land area: 647,500 sq km
comparativearea: slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries: total 5,529 km, China 76 km, Iran 936 km,
Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km,
Uzbekistan 137 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none; landlocked
International disputes: periodic disputes with Iran over Helmand
water rights; Iran supports clients in country, private Pakistani and
Saudi sources also are active; power struggles among various groups for
control of Kabul, regional rivalries among emerging warlords, traditional
tribal disputes continue; support to Islamic fighters in Tajikistan's civil
war; border dispute with Pakistan (Durand Line); support to Islamic
militants worldwide by some factions
Climate: arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers
Terrain: mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest
Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, talc, barites,
sulphur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones
Land use:
arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 0%
meadows and pastures: 46%
forest and woodland: 3%
other: 39%
Irrigated land: 26,600 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues: soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of
the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building
materials); desertification
natural hazards: damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush
mountains; flooding international agreements: party to--Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test
Ban; signed, but not ratified--Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Note: landlocked